Q1- BOUNCE - The amount of the trailing edge of the club which is below the
leading edge.
Q2 - "BULGE - The amount of curvature in the face of a wood club; some metalwood models also have bulge."
Q3 - "The Center of Gravity (COG) is the value which indicates how the weight is distributed in a club head. A low Center of Gravity - COG or CG - means that most of the weight is distibuted to the back of the head near the ground. The lower the COG of a club, the higher the ball flight meaning easier to launch the ball."
Q4 - "A measurement of the clubface's ability to rebound the ball, expressed as a percentage that is determined by a ball's speed off the clubhead divided by the speed at which it struck the clubhead. The term came into the popular lexicon as ultra-thin-faced drivers began to proliferate. An effect of the thin faces is known as the "spring-like effect" or "trampoline effect": The face of the driver depresses as the ball is struck, then rebounds - providing a little extra oomph to the shot. A driver that exhibits this property will have a very high COR. The maximum COR allowed under USGA rules is .830. "
Q5 - "Flange is the base of a club, the part that rests on the ground and projects back from the leading edge.The bottom of an iron club (usually most associated with the sand wedge). Example: The sand wedge's flange allows the depth of the club head's penetration into the sand to be more controlled."
Q6 - "FORGED irons are made of softer steel and impart greater feel and feedback for accomplished players. Example AP2 & MP 53. Casting always involves turning the metal from which the ironhead is to be made into its molten, liquid state, after which it is poured into a mold to form the ironhead design. Forging involves literally pounding or compressing the metal, in its solid form , hammering and shaping the clubhead, then cooling, grounding and polishing it into its final shape. Most of the forgings on the market today are cavity back models which feature many of the perimeter-weighting advantages of investment cast."
Q7 - Wow, this question has long explanation to make it easy to understand. What does MOI mean when applied to a golf club?
"a) MOI of the whole club
Each club will have an overall MOI i.e. a measurement of the effort required to swing the club. This is akin to the Swing Weight scale which was developed as an easy way to get all clubs in a set to feel the same when you swing them. A club with a high Swing Weight feels heavier to swing. Similarly, a club with a high MOI takes more effort to swing.
b) MOI of the club head
The club head itself has a MOI related to the effort required to twist it about its centre of gravity at impact with the ball. The higher the MOI the less the club head will twist. The less it twists, the higher the chances of a straight shot.
Putters have a MOI too!
Not Just for Drivers!
In marketing terms you will only really ever hear about the MOI of a club head, and even then it is mostly referring to drivers. However all clubs have a MOI. For instance perimeter weighting in a putter increases its MOI, allowing it to resist twisting when you strike the ball, leading to more consistent putts.
c) Why is MOI important to your game?
A higher MOI will not give you more distance with your driver, but will reduce the chance of the club head twisting, and therefore increase the probability of straight hits. The more you can hit straight shots, the better scores you will produce."
From various sources.